Indoor air pollution can be reduced and possibly eliminated by taking corrective action using a defined plan. The first step is called an IAQ audit and often requires the services of both a HVAC Test and Balance (TAB) Company and an industrial hygienist. First of all it must be determined where the source of pollution is coming from and then steps taken to eliminate it. Vapor barriers and foundation sealant can often be the source of indoor air pollution but other areas need to be studied to ensure they are not allowing pollution into the structure. Other types of pollutants are carbon dioxide (produced by people), moisture, tobacco smoke, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, ozone, and other volatile organic compounds (VOC's) which cause issues with health and safety of the buildings occupants. After the source of the pollutants is determined then a plan of action can be implemented to ensure these issues are corrected. There are different levels of IAQ that range from very thorough to just a cursory look at the building and the buildings HVAC systems.
Ventilation Basics
A TAB company can check to ensure that the building is getting proper ventilation. That all the control systems are calibrated, ventilation fans are ventilating the proper amount of CFM's, and that the correct amount of dilution air is introduced through the make-up or outside air system. Building pressure can be tested to ensure infiltration problems are eliminated. Kitchen range hoods have been found in some cases to cause a negative pressure in the building and this will create many problems associated with too much infiltration air so it is important that all ventilation systems be checked and adjusted as necessary to eliminate this problem. If all ventilation systems meet the specifications as required by Mechanical Code and/or ASHRAE standards then the further steps in the IAQ Audit process can begin. This will require checking the foundation and other parts of the building for pollutant sources. It will also require a check of CO2 levels in the building. CO2 is naturally produced by humans and ASHRAE recommends a maximum limit of 1000 parts per million (PPM) to meet IAQ comfort and safety standards.
Moisture Issues
Moisture can cause severe problems with mold, mildew, and bacteria and steps need to be taken to eliminate excessive moisture. Sources of moisture can be too much infiltration air in high humidity regions, condensation pans not draining properly, leaks in the structure, leaks in the plumbing, steam leaks or steam from kitchens and bathrooms, and over cooling the spaces. In areas where humidity levels are high over sized air conditioning systems can cause moisture problems by infrequent cycling. The system short cycles and cools the space too fast. This causes the air not to have consistent conditioning where it is necessary to remove humidity from the air. Modern controls and the proper HVAC equipment set-up can help maintain the proper humidity levels year round and reduce IAQ problems associated with moisture.
Good video demonstrating the importance of keeping your filter clean in your home.
